1\documentclass[11pt]{article}2\usepackage{graphicx}3\usepackage{url}4\usepackage{xcolor}5\title{Toward Reliable NLP with Large Language Models:6A Survey of Retrieval, Reasoning, Alignment, and Evaluation}7\author{Anonymous ACL submission}8 9\begin{document}10\maketitle11\begin{abstract}12We survey reliable language models across13retrieval, reasoning, alignment and evaluation.14\end{abstract}16Large language models have become a central paradigm in natural language processing, reshaping question answering, summarization and information extraction. Their effectiveness is constrained by hallucination, brittle reasoning and sensitivity to prompts.17 18We study retrieval, reasoning, alignment and evaluation under a shared experimental protocol. Baseline achieves 72.4 accuracy and 68.1 F1; Retrieval reaches 81.6 and 77.3; our method reaches 86.2 and 83.5. All systems use the same evaluation split.19\section{Retrieval}20Retrieval supplies external evidence to the language model. We evaluate how the quality of retrieved passages affects answer consistency and the ability to attribute claims to supporting documents.21 22\section{Reasoning}23Reasoning decomposes complex tasks into intermediate steps. The evaluation distinguishes task completion from evidence quality and measures the stability of results across multiple runs.24 25\section{Alignment}26Alignment encourages models to follow instructions while preserving factual consistency. We analyze the interaction between preference optimization, retrieval and uncertainty estimation.27 28\section{Evaluation}29The experiments use a fixed data split and report averaged results. Supplementary analyses provide the complete protocol, ablations and representative examples for reproducibility.30 31\input{sections/experiments}32\input{sections/discussion}33\bibliographystyle{plain}34\bibliography{references}35\appendix36\input{sections/appendix}37\end{document}